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Politics of Romania takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Romania is the head of government and the President of Romania exercises the functions of the head of state. Executive power is exercised by the government. Romania has a multi-party system, and legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Romania's 1991 constitution, amended in 2003 proclaims Romania a democratic and social republic, deriving its sovereignty from the people. It also states that "human dignity, civic rights and freedoms, the unhindered development of human personality, justice, and political pluralism are supreme and guaranteed values." The constitution provides for a President, a Parliament, a Constitutional Court and a separate system of lower courts that includes The High Court of Cassation and Justice. The right to vote is granted to all citizens over 18 years of age. ==Executive branch== |President |Klaus Iohannis |Independent |21 December 2014 |- |Prime Minister |Dacian Cioloș |Independent |17 November 2015 |} The President is elected by popular vote for a maximum of two 5-year terms (4-year terms until 2004). S/he is head of state (charged with safeguarding the constitution, foreign affairs, and the proper functioning of public authorities), supreme commander of the Armed Forces and chairperson of the Supreme Council of National Defense. According to the constitution, s/he acts as mediator among the power centers within the state, as well as between the state and society. The president nominates the Prime Minister, following consultations with the party that holds the absolute majority of the Parliament or, if there is no such majority formed, with all the parties in the Parliament. The ambiguity of the Constitution of Romania (Article 85 (1), Article 103 (1) 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CONSTITUTIA ROMÂNIEI )〕) may lead to situations where a coalition of parties obtaining an absolute majority in the Parliament, or a party that holds the relative majority in the Parliament would not be able to nominate the Prime Minister because the President would refuse to accept the nomination. The president argued that there is no party with absolute majority in Parliament. Article 103(1) states that "unless no such majority exists" which was interpreted by the President as "unless no such party exists" although the absolute majority might be formed by one party, a coalition of parties or an alliance. In the 2008 general parliamentary elections 〔http://www.becparlamentare2008.ro/rezul/part_tara_100.pdf〕 PSD-PC won 33,09 of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 34,16 of the seats in the Senate, and PNL won 18,57 of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 18,74 of the seats in the Senate, together holding over 50% of both the seats in the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Nonetheless, speculating the Constitution, the President decided to nominate a member of PDL which won less than 32.36 of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 33,54 of the seats in the Senate - thus not even holding a relative majority in the parliament. The nominated prime minister chooses the other members of the government and then the government and its program must be confirmed by a vote of confidence from Parliament. The prime minister is head of government, executive power is exercised by the government. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Politics of Romania」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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